Contact Zones Essay - 1325 Words

The reader is introduced to a term coined and repeated by Pratt throughout the piece, contact zones. She uses this term to refer to social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grapple with each other, often in contexts of highly asymmetrical relations of power, such as colonialism, slavery, or their aftermaths as they are lived out in many parts of the world today (Pratt 584). Contact zones were not necessarily a positive interaction because these social interactions usually came out of ignorance resulting into an obdurate conflict. Dubois The Negro in the United States and Griffith’s The Birth of the Nation, and Pratt’s very own Arts of the Contact Zone correlate through Pratt’s terminology of contact zone, autoethnographic texts,†¦show more content†¦In this movie the African Americans were treated nicely but in reality they did not feel this way. The masters mistreated their slaves but in the movie they were actually having conversations. There is a scene in the movie where a group of African Americans were shaking hands with the white Americans. The producer of the movie wanted to inform others that the â€Å"birth† of America was founded on the basis of equality rather than discrimination. If the producer of the movie did not show how the slaves were mistreated, the people will just see the world in only that point of view; the slaves’ point of view does not exist. Ruling countries oppressed both the undeveloped, barren places and the African Americans. The Birth of the Nation is a perfect example of a form of travel writing; the Americans wanted to inform others about America but this movie was only produced in their perspective. Rather than recording the reality, the produces or writers record history with the input of their own influences. Slavery is a contradictory subject in American history because â€Å"one hears†¦of the staid and gentle patriarchy, the wide and sleepy plantations with lord and retainers, ease and happiness; [while] on the other hand on hears of barbarous cruelty and unbridles power and wide oppression of men† (Dubois 2). Dubois’s The Negro in the United States is an autoethnographic text which is a representation â€Å"that the so-defined othersShow MoreRelatedContact Zone588 Words   |  3 PagesMary Louise Pratt defined contact zones as â€Å"social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grapple with each other, often in contexts of highly asymmetrical relations of power, such as colonialism, slavery, or their aftermaths as they are lived out in many parts of the world today.† A contact zone is a place where two cultures can mesh together. People from different cultures are able to interact with each other through these contact zones. A contact zone allows people to l ook into cultures otherRead MoreCultural Contact Zone1027 Words   |  4 PagesThe world is like one ‘small village’ during the twenty first century. As such, there is a lot of contact among different people, from different corners of the world. Essentially, this means that several cultures come into contact with each other more frequently, and over short durations of time than it was possible during the previous decades. Consequently, not only are the differences in these cultures magnified in the course of their interaction, but there is also a tendency by these culturesRead MoreContact Zone Essay1766 Words   |  8 PagesCaroline Kelly Professor Ober First Year Writing 29 September 2014 The Contact Zone The Holocaust happened because two groups of people were grappling with each and one was stronger than the other. Wars typically occur because two cultures disagree and choose to settle it, and the strong culture prevails. African American and Caucasian people used to be exiled for getting married, because they were different. There are millions of different cultures in the world today and everyRead MoreArts of the Contact Zone Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesMary Louise Pratt wrote the essay â€Å"Arts of the Contact Zone† with the purpose of explaining that society would benefit if people were exposed to and understood the concept of â€Å"contact zones†. She refers to contact zones as social spaces where cultures meet and clash with each other, usually with one culture being dominant over the other. A person living in a contact zone is exposed to two different cultures, two different languages, and as a result is presented with a struggle in each culture toRead More Pratt, Arts of the Contact Zone1353 Words   |  6 Pagesordinary thing. Therefore, writing a response to Pratt’s essay in a language that is comprehendible by regular people can be very helpful to those struggling students. In Arts of the Contact Zone Pratt discusses the mix of two different cultures in one area. Where one person is born and lives in a contact zone he/she is surrounded by two different conflicting cultures, and there are two different languages. She also introduces us with a new word autoethnography, which means the way in whichRead MoreTaming Anzalduas Contact Zone Analysis984 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Contact Zone†, is defined by Mary Louis Pratt as â€Å"the space in which transculturation takes place – where two different cultures meet and inform each other, often in highly asymmetrical ways.† Pratt describes what she calls ‘contact zones’ and elaborates on the pros and cons of these cultural interactions. She sees the contact zone as a place that allows people to exchange cultural ideas and break down the dividing cultural borders. When a contact zone is started, people are able to interactRead MoreComparing Arts of the Contact Zone and Animism and the Alphabet882 Words   |  4 Pagesyou. In â€Å"Arts of the Contact Zone†, Mary Louise Pratt defines contact zones as â€Å"the space in which transculturation takes place – where two different cultures meet and inform each other, often in highly asymmetrical ways.† Both â€Å"Arts of the Contact Zone† and David Abram’s â€Å"Animism and the Alphabet† attempt to form an interpretation between the relationship of our natural environment and our everyday lives. According to both the author’s writing, Pratt’s concept of contact zone is useful in helpingRead MoreArts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt999 Words   |  4 PagesThe â€Å"Arts of the Contact Zone†, an article w ritten by Stanford professor Mary Louise Pratt, discusses many different ideas about culture and communication by utilizing what she calls the literate arts. Pratt explains many terms that she believes are beneficial in gaining a further understanding of a literary piece. Key terms such as, contact zone, autoethnography and transculturation are introduced in her essay. She describes contact zones as â€Å"social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grappleRead More Arts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt Essay575 Words   |  3 PagesArts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Arts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt opened up a whole new concept for our class. The new term â€Å"contact zone† appeared and Pratt defined it as social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grapple with each other, often in contexts of highly asymmetrical relations of power, such as colonialism, slavery, or their aftermaths as they are lived out in many parts of the world today. The idea of the contact zone is intended in part toRead MoreEssay on Arts of the Contact Zone, Mary Louise Pratt1245 Words   |  5 Pagesdelivered a keynote/lecture that revolutionized how people think about their social spaces. She introduced a revolutionary way to think about these social spaces, instead of calling them communities she started calling it the â€Å"contact zone†. According to Pratt a â€Å"contact zone is a place where cultures meet, clash, and grapple† (Pratt 487). While lecturing her fellow colleagues Pratt argues that our idea of community is strongly utopian. She continues to plead her case by saying that societies often

William Moliere s Tartuffe As A Threat Of Reason

The Role of Reason in Religion What happens when hypocrisy invades religion in the absence of reason? This is the very question that Moliere addresses in Tartuffe as he establishes his characters. In satire characters are usually very one dimensional and unchanging. They are simply there to represent an idea. Therefore, rather than using character development, Moliere uses character establishment to shape his story and theme. This is most notably seen in the last two scenes of act one in Tartuffe as he establishes the characters of Orgon, Cleante and Tartuffe. In the establishment of these three characters Moliere forms a strong point about reason’s role in religion and the rightful way to pursue genuine belief. In the last scenes of act one in Tartuffe Orgon’s character is established by his attitude towards his family, his misplaced concern for Tartuffe and his blindness towards Tartuffe’s hypocrisy. As Orgon makes his entrance into the story, he inquires of his brother-in-law that state of his estate. Dorine reveals that the lady of the house has been very sick even going as far to say that a bleeding â€Å"has saved her from the grave.† Orgon takes the information in without acknowledging it. His only concern is for Tartuffe, the religious man he has taken in and aspires to be like. This nonchalant attitude toward his family reveals disconnect between him and his family that is only made up for in his relationship to Tartuffe. This replacement of a practical stranger for

Ipod Decision Making Process Free Essays

Describe and explain the characteristics that affect consumer behaviour and outline the consumer decision-making process as it relates to Apple iPod Introduction ‘Consumer purchases are influenced strongly by cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics’ (Kotler, Armstrong, Wong Saunders). This report will investigate the characteristics that affect consumer behaviour and the consumer decision-process as it relates to the purchase of an Apple iPod. This report will be describing and explaining how consumers go through five different stages to reach a buying decision and outlining the consumer decision-making process when a consumer buys a product. We will write a custom essay sample on Ipod Decision Making Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Apple iPod is a brand of portable media players and was launched on October 2001. There are four different types of players, which can play both music and videos, including the ‘iPod Classic’, ‘iPod Touch’, ‘iPod Nano’ and the ‘iPod Shuflfe’. The Apple ‘itunes’ software can be used to transfer music to the iPods from computers. Both the Sony Walkman and Samsung YP-P2 are the iPods biggest competitors and have the same touch screen control panel. They both can hold similar amount of music to that of an iPod. ‘Mintel forecasts that the UK audio equipment market will grow by an estimated 8% to reach a value of ?2. 2 billion at current prices over the period 2007-12. In real terms, with massive price deflation for electronics taken into consideration, this equates to 100% rate of growth until 2012. (mintel, accessed at 19th November 2009) ‘Market growth since 2006 for the Apple iPod has been in decline due to the high pricing scheme of the devices although price cuts like those applied to the iPod shuffle on Tuesday and cheaper Internet –capable models down the line should help the company reverse course and maintain a steady rate of growth through 2009, says one Wall Street analyst’, (http://www. appleinsider. com/articles/08/02/20/growth_potential_seen_in_steadily_maturing_ipod_marke t. html 20th February 2008). The Apple iPod is aimed at young adults aged between 12-25, both males and females. The Apple iPod is aimed at people in the middle/high class and for those who have a particular interest or passion in music. The report will also provide a discussion of the type buying behaviour related with Apple iPods and compare the process with a less complex product, such as a bottle of water in this report. Marketing recommendations will then be given for the purchase of an Apple iPod. The Characteristics that Affect Consumer Behaviour It can be seen that cultural, social, personal and psychological are the four characteristics that influence consumer behaviour. This section will describe how some of the characteristics associate with consumer behaviour when purchasing an Apple iPod. For the social characteristic influence, this can be that the person who is buying an iPod can be influenced by friends, family or any other groups the person is part of, a friend of the person may recommend an iPod to be the best portible audio player to purchase, which would then give the consumer more confidence to buy an iPod. Inspirational groups, such as celebrities who could be seen using an iPod, might have also influenced consumer behaviour. This may influence a consumer, due to the status of a celebrity. Personal characteristics such as the age of a person can affect consumer behaviour. In this case a consumer may be in an age group where it is cool and common to have an iPod, so this would be more of a want for the buyer to have the product. An Outline of the Consumer Decision-Making Process Type of Buying decision behaviour This section of the report will discuss the type of buying decision behaviour associated with the Apple iPod. The decision behaviour for the buyer of an iPod would be complex buying behaviour due to the high cost of the product and is mainly purchase infrequently. It could be said that the consumer has much to learn about the product and may have little knowledge about the product before making a decision to purchase it. For example, an iPod buyer may not know what functions of the product to consider. ‘Many product features carry no real meaning to the great majority of potential purchasers’ (Kotler 2008 page 263, p1). This can relate to the iPod when looking at the memory size and price of the product, a customer may not know the difference between a ‘10GB iPod and a ‘160GB’ iPod. So the buyer will pass though a learning process, first developing attitudes, and then making a thoughtful purchase choice’ (Kotler 2008, page 263, p1). So for marketers of an iPod, they must understand the way a consumer gathers information and the evaluation behaviour of a high involvement product. The advertising and size of the iPod may be used to help make it easier for a consumer to understand what the memory size is of an iPod. Dissonance-reducing buying behaviour can be associated with the buying of an iPod, due to how expensive the product is and how infrequent it is purchased. For example, consumers buying an iPod could face a high involvement decision because of the high price of an iPod compared to a low involvement product such as a toothbrush and how the product can express the consumer, such as the which style and colour of iPod suit the consumer best. The Consumer may evaluate and do some research into the types iPods, prior to the buying decision to make give them more knowledge of the product. An explanation of each stage of the decision-making model This section of the report will explain each stage of the decision-making model for a buyer of an iPod. Below is the five-stage decision making process, buyers go through when they purchase a product. ‘The buying process starts with need recognition – the buyer recognising a problem or need’ (Kotler 2008, page 265, p4). The first stage of the decision making model is where the consumer has recognised a problem or a need. Need recognition In relation to the iPod, is where the consumer has recognised that the product is available to buy and may have dissatisfaction with their current portable audio player. The iPod is not necessary a need, such as food or water. It is more of an individual want and the consumer may have more income spare to purchase an iPod. The purchase of an iPod could be mainly because of its appeal. ‘A need can also be triggered by external stimuli. Anna passes a bakery and the smell of reshly baked bread stimulates her hunger; she admires a neighbour’s new car; or she watches a television commercial for a Caribbean holiday’. (Kotler et al 2008, page 266 p1). This statement states that external stimuli can trigger a need. In relation to the iPod, the external stimuli could be an advert on television or someone in the public using an iPod, who seems to be having a fun with the product. The second stage of the decision-making model is the information search stage. This is the stage where a consumer is aroused to search for more information about the product they have been attracted too in the need recognition stage. ‘The consumer may simply have heightened attention or may go into active information search’ (Kotler et al 2008, page 266 p2). Heightened attention simply means the consumer becomes more receptive to information about a product. The consumer may pay more attention to adverts and products used by friends. Active information search is where the consumer gathers information, such as searching reading material or phoning friends to gather information, this usually depends of drive of the consumer to search for information about a product. ‘The amount of searching she does will depend upon the strength of her drive, the amount of information she starts with, the ease of obtaining more information, the value she places on additional information and the satisfaction she gets from searching’ (Kotler et al 2008, page 266 p2). This statement explains that the more a consumer wants a product, the more searching for information about the product will occur. In relation to the Apple iPod, a consumer may have been aroused by external stimuli such as an advert on television and then may go through active information search, where the consumer can obtain information from any of the following sources: * Personal sources: Family, friends, neighbours Commercial sources: Advertising, salespeople, the Internet, packaging, displays * Public sources: Mass media, consumer-rating organisations * Experiential sources: Handling, examining, using the product Personal sources can be the most effective for some products, as friends and families recommendations can be more reliable than an advert on television. As more information has been gathered from the above sources, the consumer’s knowledge of the iPod increases. The consumer may know the different types of iPods available and their features that best suit the con sumer. The third stage of the decision-making purchase is the information evaluation or evaluation of alternatives. This is the stage of the decision-making process, where the consumer uses information from the previous stage to evaluate other brands, products and services. The consumer also evaluates the benefits and features of the product they are going to buy. For high-involvement products such as the Apple iPod, the consumer is more likely to carry out a more extensive evaluation. Such as evaluating the advantages and benefits of the product they are interested in purchasing. How to cite Ipod Decision Making Process, Essays

Impact on the transport system due to rise - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Impact on the transport system due to rise. Answer: Introduction For every country, Infrastructure development is very important for its growth and development. Infrastructure development included the development of transportation system in the country. Transportation system can be defined as a mode which is used to move goods from one place to another. Over the period of time, the transportation system has become advanced and effective. Advancement of transport is dependent upon various factors such as lifestyle of people, population, advancement in technology, etc. (Taylor, 2015). Traffic conjunction Traffic conjunction can be described as a condition which results in slow movement of traffic. Traffic conjunction can be related to any mode of transportation but it is usually said in the context of vehicle conjunction on roads. The main reason that results in traffic conjunction is inefficient traffic management or excessive population on road than usual. In Australia, traffic conjunction can be seen during peak hours in cities like Perth, Brisbane, and Sydney. People of Australia generally uses radios, GPS, webcam etc. to avoid such traffic conjunction. Disadvantages of traffic conjunction include time wastage, air pollution, noise pollution, increase in accidents, waste of fuel resources, etc. (Jain et.al, 2012) Traffic problems due to increase in population One of the main problems with increasing traffic in the world is a rapid increase in population. As numbers of people are increasing in the world they require modes of transportation for travel. Nowadays the motor vehicles are very affordable and can be purchased by anyone with little money. This has resulted in an increase in a number of personal vehicles which ultimately results in excessive traffic on the road (Harrietet.al, 2013). Hence we can say the improved economic and financial condition of the population has also affected the traffic conjunction on the public roads. Conceptual framework Traffic management Traffic management is very important as in absence of traffic management traffic conjunction can have various negative impacts. Here we will discuss the commonly used method of traffic management in Australia. Sydney Co-ordinated Adaptive Traffic System (SCATs) is used to manage traffic in Australia. Adaptive Traffic control System is a technique which uses real-time data relating to traffic to decrease the stop time and prevent traffic conjunction. Traffic data is collected in SCATs with the help of local controllers installed at every intersection. The data collected by these local controllers are sent to a regional computer which is then sent to mainframe computers for traffic management (Fernando et.al, 2013). Vehicle users A private vehicle is more commonly used by people of Australia as compared to public transportation. There are nearly 13.3 million vehicles registered with the department of vehicles. Vehicle to people above driving age ratio is 1 to 1.37. That means that there is one vehicle for every 1.37 people who are above permissible driving age (Redman et.al, 2013). Public transportation is not that commonly used in Australia. Public transportation in the country includes buses, urban rail/Commuter rail, light rail, watercraft. In a research conducted to evaluate the reason for not using public transportation, the majority of people said that their time does not match with timing of public transportation. Traffic density Traffic density is a statistical term which is used to represent traffic per mile or kilometer and it is expressed in terms of the vehicle per km. it is a measure used to compare traffic in different areas and helps in traffic management. Over the last 40 year, the traffic per person in various cities of Australia has increase effectively. Traffic density is directly affected by various factors such as petrol prices, recession, unemployment rate etc. (Gargett, 2012). Population density From 2009 to 2011, the population of Australia has increased rapidly with around 400000 people increasing per year. This increase is around the size of Canberra, whose population was 357220 in the last census. It means that population of Australia is increasing per year by the population of Canberra. The reason behind this increase is natural i.e. increasing in birth rate and a decrease in death rate. This increase is expected to continue in future. The government has predicted that if the population is increased with high growth rate then the population of Australia will increase to 43 million in 2061 (Krockenberger, 2015). Literature review It is expected that by 2030, the population of Melbourne will be 5 million and it is expected to increase to 6 million in 2040. To deal with social and economic requirements of this population transportation operation of the government has evolved. It is very important to promote and develop public transportation system as this amount of infrastructural development can result in various environmental damages. Excessive road transportation can result in problems such as excessive traffic, noise pollution, air pollution, etc. Rail transportation can be alternative as it is very efficient as compared to road transportation (McGuirk Argent, 2012). In future, it is planned by the government to develop rail transportation and make the people aware of the advantages of using this transportation system. Rail transportation is a most efficient method to deal with the rapidly increasing population. Various researchers have shown that in previous years more money is spent on development of road transportation as compared to rail transportation. Therefore in future, more money should be invested in rail transportation as it is the best viable option (Lai Chen. 2011). As per researchers, 40 percent of the pollution is generated by road transportation which is very significant. But the road transportation is not expected to decrease in future. One of the biggest reasons behind this is peoples attraction toward new technologies adopted by car manufacturers. Public transportation such as buses and rail transportation will not only present environment pollution but it will also help in the prevention of natural resources (Redman et.al, 2013). We all know the fact that natural resources such as fuels are scare and such resources will extinct in future. Therefore it is our responsibility to save these resources and public transportation can be helpful in this process (Chourabi et.al, 2012). Traffic conjunction in Sydney and Melbourne is very high and it is spreading all over Australia. Traffic conjunction is so high that it is expected to have a negative impact on the overall economy of the country. In 2011, the cost of such delays has cost the country $13.4 million. This is due to the fact that such delays cost the employees in time wastage and such time could have been used by them in a productive manner. Increased traffic is expected to increase cost in future as the government has to incur the cost of environmental pollution. The government has to take serious steps in major cities like Sydney, Brisbane Perth, and Melbourne. Due to improvement in financial status and living standards of people, every person has a personal car. They prefer private transportation instead of public transportation. This trend is expected to increase in future unless some drastic improvements are done in public transport system. It is obvious that such large of a number of the card will create traffic conjunction on the road which leads to various problems for the entire world (Al-Sakran, 2015). This has increased the need for advanced and low-cost traffic navigation system to manage such increased traffic. Not only this, we also need less costly green cars or electric cars so that people can afford these cars. This can be the solution to various problems created by increased population and traffic conjunction. We have discussed the impact of traffic conjunction on the environment but it can also have a vital negative impact on the economic condition of a county. Traffic makes people late to work which create a loss of opportunity cost to these people. Traffic conjunction can also affect the efficiency and effectiveness of employee which will have a negative impact on overall performance of that organization (Sweet, 2011). Major impact on the economy due to traffic is a delay in imported goods and services which are essential for growth and development of the country. Traffic conjunction also has a serious impact on the overall health of people. There are various diseases associated with air pollution which is majorly created by traffic conjunction. Traffic is one of the biggest reasons that decrease the quality of air. Various researched have shown that chances of occurrence of airborne diseases in drivers and people living near major roadways are higher as compared to other people (Levy et.al, 2010). Methodology To determine the impact of an increase in population on transportation system we will study various reports and statistics published by the government of Australia and rest of the world. In this research, a collection of information through primary sources is impractical as it will require a large amount of time, effort, and money. Hence we will secondary sources of data collection such as public reports, statistics published by other researchers, reports of Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development etc. We will also try to collect primary source of data from 10 nearby transportation companies. From these companies, we will evaluate the increase in a number of vehicles over time and compare it with an increase in population. Sample selection will be done out of 50 transportation companies through selective sampling (Liamputtong, 2013). Gantt chart Here we will provide a timeline to our research proposal to determine total time required to compete and analyze the results of this research. Milestones table S. No Task Start Date End Date Duration (Days) 1 Project Proposal 21-Dec-17 23-Dec-17 3 2 Literature Review 24-Dec-17 31-Dec-17 8 3 Collection of information 01-Jan-18 11-Jan-18 11 4 Analysis of data 12-Jan-18 16-Jan-18 5 5 Report submission 17-Jan-18 18-Jan-18 2 Total time required 29 References Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., ... Scholl, H. J. (2012, January). Understanding smart cities: An integrative framework. InSystem Science (HICSS), 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 2289-2297). IEEE. Fernando, B., Gray, E., Kellner, J. (2013). A review of current traffic congestion management in the city of sydney. Gargett, D. (2012). Traffic growth: modelling a global phenomenon.World transport policy and practice,18(4), 27-45. Harriet, T., Poku, K., Emmanuel, A. K. (2013). An assessment of traffic congestion and its effect on productivity in urban Ghana.International Journal of Business and Social Science,4(3). Jain, V., Sharma, A., Subramanian, L. (2012, March). Road traffic congestion in the developing world. InProceedings of the 2nd ACM Symposium on Computing for Development(p. 11). ACM. Krockenberger, M. (2015).Population growth in Australia. Australia Institute. Liamputtong, P. (2013).Qualitative research methods. McGuirk, P., Argent, N. (2011). Population growth and change: implications for Australia's cities and regions.Geographical Research,49(3), 317-335. Redman, L., Friman, M., Grling, T., Hartig, T. (2013). Quality attributes of public transport that attract car users: A research review.Transport Policy,25, 119-127. Redman, L., Friman, M., Grling, T., Hartig, T. (2013). Quality attributes of public transport that attract car users: A research review.Transport Policy,25, 119-127. Taylor, G. R. (2015).The transportation revolution, 1815-60. Routledge. Lai, W. T., Chen, C. F. (2011). Behavioral intentions of public transit passengersThe roles of service quality, perceived value, satisfaction and involvement.Transport Policy,18(2), 318-325. Hutchens, G. (2015), Australia's roads and rail networks will struggle to meet population growth. The Sydney Morning Herald. Al-Sakran, H. O. (2015). Intelligent traffic information system based on integration of Internet of Things and Agent technology.International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA),6(2), 37-43. Sweet, M. (2011). Does traffic congestion slow the economy?.CPL bibliography,26(4), 391-404. Levy, J. I., Buonocore, J. J., Von Stackelberg, K. (2010). Evaluation of the public health impacts of traffic congestion: a health risk assessment.Environmental health,9(1), 65.

Dr. King Speech free essay sample

DR. Martin Luther King Jr. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a man of many accomplishments. From lighting the torch that helped changed the way we blacks and whites communicated, to sparking the civil rights movement. its safe to say that Dr. King was well Involved in helping change racism. During Dr. Kings life, he had written many letters, but none were Ike the letter he wrote to his fellow clergymen. The letter that King wrote to his fellow clergymen was a reply to the statements made by the clergymen stating that Dr. Kings actions were unwise, and untimely. Now according to Dr. King, he rarely ever ook time to reply to negative backlash he received from others. but this particular criticism made a rather large impact in Dr. Kings life. upon receiving the criticism, King wrote a very passionate letter stating In so many words that men In their position should have more compassion, wisdom, and positive impacts in America, instead of promoting, and condoning the negative behaviors. While writing this letter to the clergymen, King used a lot of detail, passion, and rhetoric, such as Logos, Ethos, and Pathos which I will convey in this paper. ill show examples of Kings use of the hetoric terms, as well as describe the effectiveness and Importance of them. During Kings letter to the clergymen he uses logos in many ways, he makes a lot of great points, and he also backs up those points with great logic, which leads me to the following statement written by King How can you advocate breaking some laws and obeying others? The answer lies in 2 the fact that there are two types of laws: Just and unjust. I would be the last to advocate disobeying Just laws. In this statement I believe that King is making the point that, although it may be a law, that doesnt make it morally correct. It is our job as people to follow Just laws, but It Is not an obligation to follow the unjust laws. Although there were laws preventing Negros from their constitutional and god-given rights, doesnt make It morally Incorrect to disobey them, In fact it would be morally incorrect to abide by those unjust laws. King believed it was our Job as people to come together and work on changing them, just in a non-violent way. In Kings letter, he describes the difference between a Just, and unjust law. King states in his letter that A just law is a man-made code that squares with the moral law or the law of God. An unjust law Is a code that Is out of harmony with the moral law. In that statement , King is basically saying that a Just law preserves the constitutional and god-given rights we have as people, no matter the color of our skin. An unjust law is just the opposite. it goes against the constitutional and God-given rights we have as people, and we are not obligated to follow an unjust law according to King. I believe that King made great points, and backed up his points with a great deal of logic. In my opinion King made his points very effective in his letter. It was effective because OF3 ever be denied, but King also uses the fact that people in the clergymen position is held to a certain standard in which they contradicted by making the statements they made. It was important for King to use logos in his letter because no argument is valid without the logic to support it. When persuading an audience, it is important to present facts and while presenting those facts, you must have logic supporting those facts and I believe King did a great Job doing so. In addition to Kings use of logos, there was also a great display of ethos in the letter written by King. Although King has a reputation, and a list of accomplishments anging from his education, to his 3 up-bringing, as well as the leadership positions hes held in many organizations, Kings personal accomplishments are well known, and goes without saying. There are few times in the letter where King lets his accomplishments and leadership positions known, King states, l have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. We have some eighty-five affiliated organizations across the South, and one of them is Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights. This statement is a rare, but necessary display of credibility by King in the letter. I believe that King doesnt say to much about his personal accomplishments because his reputation speaks for itself. There is a point in the letter in which King uses an appeal to authority, as stated we so diligently urge people to obey the Supreme Courts decision of 1954 outlawing segregation in the public schools, at first glance it may seem rather paradoxical for us consciously to break laws. In that statement, King uses the authority of the Supreme Courts in his his favor, which is a brilliant plan. Although the use of ethos is scarce compared to the use of the other terms, it is still used in a very effective way. Similar to the use of logos, and ethos, pathos is used a lot, and in an effective way. Here is an example of Kings use Injustice anywhere is a threat to Justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. In this statement King sums up his belief in the power of Justice, and the effect that injustice can have. I believe that King uses a lot of passion in his letter because the statements ade by the clergymen impacted him in a very deep way. Here is another example of pathos used by King, We will have to repent in this generation not merely for the hateful words and actions of the bad people but for the appalling silence of the good people. In this statement King is saying that it is horrible for people to commit hateful actions,and say hateful things, but it is even worse to see these 4 things and remain silent throughout it. Although it is important to use logic, and credibility, it is probably more important for King to use passion in his letter because significance and emotions in his writing. Kings use of pathos was very effective because it not only conveyed his dedication to the subject of change, but it also showed his willingness to go above and beyond for what he believed in. In conclusion, Kings letter to the clergymen was extremely effective as a whole. It was effective ultimately because as people we have come a long way from the state of racism that we were in. The progression that we have made as people certainly proves that all the work, and dedication King unveiled was useful and effective. With that being said, I believe that King served his purpose fully and his work will never be second guessed.

TheSortOfEconomic Constitution Essay Research Paper The SortOfEconomic free essay sample

The-Sort-Of-Economic Constitution Essay, Research Paper The Sort-Of-Economic Fundamental law The Constitution was written to supply the 13 settlements with cosmopolitan regulations, Torahs, and ordinances on all refering issues. Many topics were discussed ; distributions of power locally and nationally, enforcement of the footings of the distribution, revenue enhancement, and commercialism. Throughout the authorship of the Constitution, issues that concerned the economic system, such as revenue enhancement and economic powers, were uncovered, but in the terminal, a cardinal subject became clear. The Constitution was written to command the rights of power and the distribution of the power in political relations more than in economic sciences. Around 1913, Charles A. Beard released his reading of the Constitution, in which he announced that the Constitution was basically an economic papers and that it was written and ratified by economic groups for economic grounds. Beard # 8217 ; s thought was non taken lightly, and for a period of clip in the early 1900 # 8217 ; s, his economic theory was believed to be the one and merely right theory. We will write a custom essay sample on TheSortOfEconomic Constitution Essay Research Paper The SortOfEconomic or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was believed that disbelievers were either professional nationalists or merely naif academicians. Beard explained that the framers of the Constitution had been members of the upper category of society, and that economic sciences were a big portion of the Constitution because they would hold a direct, positive consequence on the framers themselves. However, Henry Steele Commager argued that theory with a theory of his O wn. Commager was able to turn out that even though economic sciences was discussed and was an issue in the authorship of the Constitution, political relations and power were the major concerns of the framers. The authors of the Constitution, harmonizing to Commager, were more disquieted about decently administering governmental powers and control of land than their deriving a personal benefit from raising land value to assist themselves. Larger issues such as the distribution of the power which allowed the authorization to revenue enhancement, the elevation of ground forcess, modulating commercialism, commanding of contracts, ordaining bankruptcy statute law, the ordinance of western districts, and the devising of pacts were resolved earlier private belongings values and economic sciences. When Commager looked at the Constitution, he explained that even though economic sciences was discussed and smaller issues arose, a larger, political power battle was the mainframe for the Constitution. The footing of the Constitution can differ from individual to individual based upon separate reading, but two chief thoughts are clearly seeable throughout the address. Economic jobs and issues are brought up, confronted, and resolved, but the division of power is the footing for the authorship of the Constitution to get down with. Commager # 8217 ; s theory rested on the fact that historiographers and research workers saw that before the Constitution, power was non regulated, but after it was, all power was distributed to all authoritiess every bit good as occupations and demands of being in power.

NYC On and Off the Beaten Path Manhattan

NYC On and Off the Beaten Path Manhattan SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips NYC is one of the biggest tourist destinations in the world- which makes sense as it’s also one of the biggest cities in the world. In this travel guide we’ll focus on things to do in Manhattan, the most tourist-friendly of the boroughs, with a wide range of option that will appeal to every type of traveller. There are major sights that every NYC tourist has heard of and wants to see...but what about some of the less well-known things to do, eat, and see? In this guide I’ll provide a kind of choose-your-own adventure for things to do in Manhattan: I’ll start with the most well-known Manhattan attractions- a tourist’s â€Å"greatest hits,† if you will. Then I’ll move on to some cool things to do in NYC that aren’t quite so clogged with other tourists but are popular among locals if you’re looking for a bit more of an authentic New York flavor. Last, I’ll hit on what’s really off the beaten path for NYC: the secret places, the obscure, and the weird. This is stuff even most Manhattanites don’t know about. Finally I’ll go over the necessary logistics of a trip to Manhattan: how to get there, how to get around, and where to stay. All the nuts and bolts. By the end of this guide you’ll be prepared for an amazing trip no matter your desired level of adventure, whether it’s for two days or two weeks! What To Do In Manhattan: The Main Attractions There are the most well-known museums, landmarks, and tourist spots in the city. They’re certainly worth seeing, especially if you want to get a feel for the most iconic sites on your first trip to the city. However, be prepared to jostle crowds and wait in long lines. #1: Central Park This sprawling park in the middle of Manhattan has everything from manicured walkways to sprawling woodlands to water features to its own zoo! Notable sites include the reservoir (above the 86th St Transverse), the Bethesda fountain in the middle of the park just north of Terrace Drive, and the Literary walk at the south end of the Mall. Worth hours of exploration, but don’t get caught in the park after dark- it’s not safe. #2: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1000 5th Ave Housing thousands of years of art and art objects from around the world in a sprawling building on the east edge of Central Park, the Met truly has something for all tastes. See a fully (re)assembled Egyptian temple, Greek and Roman statuary, beautiful Kimono and woodblock prints, and works by Renaissance masters all in one day! Be sure to check out the Costume Institute, on the Museum’s lowest level. The museum is pay-what-you will, although there is a suggested donation. It’s open late on Fridays, until 9 pm. #3: Broadway and Times Square Of course, NYC is known for its stellar Broadway productions- you can catch both trendier productions and long-running classics like the Lion King and The Phantom of the Opera. If you have your heart set on seeing the latest hit show I advise you to check out Time Out’s tips for finding cheap(er) Broadway tickets. If you can’t make it to a show, walking through Times Square at night is practically a production of its own. Flashing lights, tons of tourists, enormous stores and restaurants- it’s gaudy and garish and always packed, but it does have its own kind of iconic magnificence. #4: Empire State Building, 350 5th Ave It seems like every travel guide has the Empire State Building as pretty much item number one for â€Å"Things to Do in Manhattan, NY.† And for good reason- it’s one of the city’s most recognizable landmarks, and the views from the observation deck are breathtaking (assuming the weather cooperates). Be aware that lines are long and tickets are expensive. #5: Grand Central Terminal, 89 E 42nd St This is another truly iconic New York site, and a genuine hub of transit activity. The building is stately and elegant inside and out; marvel too at the commuters who have grown accustomed to its magnificence and race through the terminal head-down to catch their next train. #6: Rockefeller Center, 45 Rockefeller Plaza This massive complex of buildings in Midtown commissioned in the 30s by the uber-rich John D. Rockefeller offers several attractions of interest. In addition to guided tours that highlight the Art Deco architectural features and amazing sculptures, you can go up to the observation deck at the Top of the Rock. A potential advantage over the Empire State Building observatory is that Empire State Building is actually visible from this one. #7: American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79th St If you’re into taxidermy, dinosaurs, or gemstones you’ll have a field day at the Museum of Natural History. All kinds of curiosities, factoids, and specimens concerning the earth and our universe are to be found in this enormous museum with its famous blue whale suspended from the ceiling in one of the larger galleries. #8: 9/11 Memorial and Museum, 911 Greenwich St This museum and memorial at the site of the former World Trade Center comprises a memorial park and a mostly underground museum with the mementos and stories of the victims. The site has not been without its controversies, but millions have visited since it opened to the public in May 2014. #9: Museum of Modern Art, 11 W 53rd St With six floors of art from the late 1800s and beyond, you can see everything at the MoMA from Monet to Magritte to experimental light and sound installations. The museum has one of the largest collections of modern art in the world. Admission is free on Friday nights; it's always jam-packed. #10: Schwarzman Library, 5th Ave at 42nd St This is the main branch of the New York Public Library. You may well recognize its iconic lion statues and landmark status, but did you know it also has temporary exhibits inside? The exhibits are small but well-curated and often display priceless archival material from notable authors and artists. Additionally, the entire building itself is beautifula veritable temple of books! It’s also adjacent to Bryant Park, an attractively landscaped green space with lots of sitting space- a great place to enjoy nice weather and people-watch after checking out the Library. Cool Things to Do in NYC: Popular With the Locals Once you’ve exhausted (or decided to forgo) some of the top NYC attractions, you might want to turn to some non-touristy things to do in NYC. These are the sites New Yorkers gravitate towards when they have free time to explore the city. Be sure to check out at least one! [ Photo by Claire Whitehouse #1: Riverside Park, Upper West Side Everyone’s heard of Central Parknot so much Riverside Park. A gorgeous hidden gem on the Upper West Side that abuts the Hudson river, Riverside has miles and miles of wooded trails and beautiful views. From May to November, local bar and eatery Ellington opens up a second location in the park (near 106th)- a prime spot for enjoying good weather. brownpau/Flickr. #2: Frick Collection, 1 E 70th St This gallery converted from the former home (and collection) of industrialist Henry Clay Frick is small but mighty, featuring a variety of Old Masters paintings and fine and rare housewares, rugs, and porcelain goods. See it for a glimpse into Old New York; Frick amassed the entire collection himself during his life, and really lived among the fancy furnishings. Teri Tynes/Flickr. #3: The High Line, Chelsea This innovative park is built on an old elevated rail line located in the trendy Chelsea neighborhood. Come for the novelty, stay for the people-watching and great views of the Hudson. Erik Forsberg/Flickr #4: Chelsea Market, 75 9th Ave This food hall used to be an ingredient market for professional cooks and city restaurants. Now it’s more of an upscale food court with almost forty options covering a wide variety of meal and snack options. You might have to eat standing up because of the crowds, but the food’s delicious. miss_millions/Flickr #5: The Cloisters, 99 Margaret Corbin Dr An offshoot of the Met Museum, the Cloisters houses their collection of medieval art in a quasi-monastic setting, complete with medieval-style gardens. Of special note are the unicorn tapestries. Marc Smith/Flickr #6: The Tenement Museum, 103 Orchard St See how most of New York lived in the days of yore- in cramped, unsanitary apartments- in the Tenement Museum, which is dedicated to â€Å"America’s urban immigrant history.† The space, a restored actual tenement building complete with historically accurate living spaces, can be seen by guided tour only. #7: Atwood, 986 2nd Ave For a fancier dining experience, try the Atwood, a trendy rustic-chic restaurant and bar in Midtown East serving upscale twists on lots of typical Americana fare. It’s dim and atmospheric at night (a perfect date spot) and a sweet brunch place during the weekend daytime. Eden, Janine, and Jim/Flickr #8: Joshua Tree, 513 3rd Ave After dark, this sports bar in Murray Hill starts playing old music videos on its screens and it turns into an ‘80s and ‘90s dance party. Expect a rowdy but friendly crowd and lots of singing along! One of the most fun things to do in Manhattan when the sun goes down. the Museum at FIT/Flickr #9: Museum at FIT, 227 W 27th St This free museum affiliated with the Fashion Institute of Technology offers rotating, themed exhibits showcasing their extensive collection of clothes and accessories from all eras. Past exhibition themes include â€Å"Fairy Tale Fashion,† â€Å"A Queer History of Fashion,† and â€Å"Triangle Factory Fire.† If you didn’t quite get your fill at the Met’s Costume Institute, this museum is for you! There really aren’t that many free things to do in Manhattan that aren’t outdoors, which makes this a particular treasure. Katina Rogers/Flickr #10: The Strand Bookshop, 828 Broadway This notable independent bookshop boasts 18 miles of books in their enormous East Village store! They have new, used, and rare books, as well as book-themed gifts and store merchandise with their iconic logo. Unique Things to Do in NYC: Manhattan’s Secret, Interesting, Obscure, Weird, and Adventurous Looking for some places to go in Manhattan that are really off the beaten path? Here are some of NYC’s most interesting and crazy things to do. bettyx113/Flickr #1: Greenacre Park, 217 E 51st St If you want to explore one of the truly secret places in NYC, hunt for one of the city’s tiny parks. Greenacre Park, tucked away in Midtown East, is one of the best. It’s a green oasis with a waterfall and graceful trees that feels like a pocket of fairyland dropped right into the city. Doug Belshaw/Flickr #2: Museum of Sex, 233 5th Ave If you want to talk about sex, baby, the Museum of Sex is for you. It features an extensive collection of ever-changing exhibits addressing all aspects of human sexuality, from the biological to the cultural to the downright pornographic. It’s safe to say that you should leave the kids at home for this one. #3: Dream House, 275 Church St This â€Å"light and sound installation† created by a husband and wife team has gone on in various iterations for over two decades and features droning music and soft, pastel lighting. Visitors are encouraged to stay for hours to become fully immersed in the atmosphere. Some have described it as a spiritual or sacred experience; it’s definitely one of the most unusual things to do in NYC. Note that the Dream House closes for the summer and re-opens in the fall. Tony/Wikimedia Commons #4: Merchant’s House Museum, 29 E 4th St The Merchant’s House was originally built in 1832, and a merchant family (surprise surprise) lived there for over a hundred years. Guided tours of the historical house will show you four floors of lovingly restored 19th-century style rooms- and maybe some ghosts! The Merchant’s House is legendary for its supposed Treadwell family specters, and was even named Manhattan’s most haunted house by the New York Times. Candlelit ghost tours of the house are offered periodically if you’re adventurous and looking for a spooky experience. Joe Wolf/Flickr #5: City Hall Subway Station, Financial District This abandoned subway station was once a beautiful showpiece of rapid transit, but it hasn’t been used in years. Public tours are offered by the New York Transit Museum, if you purchase a museum membership and a tour ticket (this will set you back about a hundred bucks in total). However, some intrepid folks have been known to ride the Brooklyn-bound 6 train to the end of the line (the Brooklyn Bridge stop), duck down to stay hidden when the conductor asks everyone to get off the train, and then sneak a peek at the station when the train is turning around in the old City Hall subway station. If you yourself are an intrepid soul, be aware that this is not actually legal! Eelke/Flickr #6: The New York Earth Room, 141 Wooster St This art installation by Walter De Maria, in place since 1977, is literally a room full of pounds and pounds of dirt in a Soho art gallery. The piece is supposed to be worth over a million dollars. It doesn’t get more â€Å"weird things to do in NYC† than this. #7: New York Academy of Medicine Library, 1216 5th Ave This rare books library maintained by the NYAM is full of an extensive and hugely significant collection of old medical treatises from the 15th century onward. You can make an appointment to see the collection or check out the library’s event programming, which involves lectures and workshops on interdisciplinary humanities-and-medicine topics. Alex Pascual Guardia/Flickr #9: Sleep No More, 530 W 27th St If you’re way over Broadway, try â€Å"Sleep No More,† an interactive production of Macbeth in which everyone in the audience wears a mask. An immersive and exciting theater experience. Melinda/Flickr #9: King’s Carriage House, 251 E 82nd St If afternoon tea is your thing but you don’t want to go somewhere super posh and stuffy like one of the big hotels in midtown, King’s Carriage House is the place to go. With adorably decorated tea wares, an unflappable staff, and a delicious selection of tiny sandwiches and snacks all tucked away in a little house with Old World charm, it’s a genuinely calm and quiet retreat from the hustle and bustle of the city. Just remember to make a reservation so they can be ready for you! Joy/Flickr #10: La Toulousaine, 942 Amsterdam Ave An adorable, unassuming French bakery plopped right into the Upper West side on Amsterdam Ave. The counter service is diffident but it’s worth any trek: La Toulousaine is the best place for a flaky, melt-in-your mouth pain au chocolat this side of the Atlantic. Map of Sites Mentioned See below for a map of all the sites! The Logistics: How to Get There, How to Get Around, Where to Stay Of course, before you can start adventuring around Manhattan, you need to work out the logistics of your trip! How to Get There If you’re on the East Coast, you can take a bus to NYC for cheap. One-way fares from Boston to NYC, for example, can often be as low as ten dollars! Just make sure you’re using a reputable bus company. (You can search bus company safety ratings in the US Department of Transportation’s SAFER system.) A more comfortable but slightly more expensive option is the train. If you buy far enough in advance, for instance, an Amtrak coach fare from Philadelphia to Penn Station, New York, is $39. If you’re too far for train or bus, your only real option is to fly. In terms of airports, Newark, LaGuardia and JFK all have relatively affordable mass transit options to get you into the city, so you can shop around for the best airfare price. You should note, though, that your trip from JFK on the MTA will be more than an hour if you’re staying in Upper Manhattan. How to Get Around NYC is not a car-friendly city; renting a car is much more of a hassle than it’s worth. The most cheap and reliable way to navigate the city is the subway and buses- collectively known as the MTA. Because the MTA does not have free train-to-train transfers unless the stations are connected, it can sometimes be most cost-effective for travelers to get an unlimited pass for the time they are staying in the city instead of paying per fare. A 7-day unlimited pass costs $31. This is your most cost-effective option if you are going to use the MTA 13 or more times during your trip, even if you aren’t staying in the city a full 7 days. NYC-dwellers are often almost comically suspicious of the bus, but don’t avoid it- it’s the best way to get across town! If you need to take a car, Ubers are cheaper than taxis, especially if you do an UberPool and ride with other passengers. Plus you won’t have to deal with the stress associated with hailing cabs in NYC. Watch for price surges, though- for any surge greater than 1.15, a taxi will be cheaper. Where to Stay Hotels in Manhattan are notoriously expensive (think well north of $200 even during relatively non-busy times for national hotel chains like Marriott). If you have your heart set on a hotel in Manhattan but you don’t want to pay too much, you can troll sites like trivago.com for deals or try to visit in the â€Å"off-season† (mid-Jan through March, though of course the weather is also poor this time of year). The city is the busiest (and most expensive!) in the fall, when the weather is particularly lovely. Also, don’t stay near Times Square. Times Square is good for a look if you’ve never been, but it’s noisy, crowded, not close to anything particularly interesting, and NYC-dwellers avoid it like the plague. Hotels there are also more expensive because tourist demand is so high. You’re much better off staying a little (or a lot) uptown or downtown. For cheaper options, you might explore staying in a hostel. Many hostels allow you to book private rooms, which are more expensive than shared rooms but much cheaper than hotels. You will still probably have to share a hallway bathroom, but a good hostel is clean, comfortable, and has free wifi. This is a great option if you are travelling with a group; if you book far enough in advance you should be able to get shared rooms together. Airbnb is another good option, as a private room (or even an entire small apartment!) is often much cheaper than a hotel. If you have access to a kitchen, you’ll also be able to cook for yourself- another great money-saving option in NYC. (But don’t eat all of your meals at home! NYC is a great food town and you should take advantage of it!) Final Thoughts on 30 Things to Do in Manhattan While there’s nothing wrong with hitting some of the major attractions in a place like NYC that’s so full of legendary and fabled spots, it’s also great to see some things most other tourists don’t. So when you plan your trip to Manhattan, it can be more fun- and cheaper!- to go to a few places that won’t be crowded with hundreds of other travelers. If you’re feeling even more adventurous, you might even try going to some spots that Manhattanites have barely heard of!