Personal Values and Ethical Issues Essay - 1531 Words

Personal Values and Ethical Standards Shelley Fischer BSHS 331 October 11, 2011 Jenise Caetana Personal Values and Ethical Standardss I was born in the late 1950s and spent my childhood in the 1960s and teen years in the 1970s. My upbringing was shaped very much, by how I was taught and raised. My parents were both members of a conservative religious organization and so with that said I learned this way of thought. We were raised to believe that the 10 commandments were the basis of all things right and wrong, that if we followed them our lives would be as God wanted. Not to mention our parents! As a child, we first believe all that our parents teach us. They are like God to us and must be right no questions asked. I had by then†¦show more content†¦However, I do know from then on I had no belief in him as my father or in the goodness of grown men. Because of my family dynamics I didn’t tell anyone, but I remember being so angry and telling myself I would never let that happen again and if he ever touched me I would tell my mom. I went through life seemingly fine on the outside and was known by all to be a good girl. What people did not realize is that I was emotionally dead in my soul. I trusted no one and especially not myself. I never told another person until I was 26 and did not go into therapy until I was 33. There is so much that I learned through my counseling and it is primarily the reason I want to be a counselor now. I feel that in spite of what happened to me the basic belief in the Bible and God is what have gotten me to where I am today. Counseling has also helped me to address issues I ignored for too long. I can empathize with others in many areas of molestation, anger repression, family dynamics, and learning to know and love yourself. I feel that because I have gone through this and come out the other side fairly sane –smile, I can make a difference for someone else who is currently where I used to be. In thinking of an ethical dilemma, I can only think of the molestation as the one major event in my life. It had major repercussions and if I had not been so afraid, I know that my father would have been arrested and maybe he would not haveShow MoreRelatedEthical Dilemmas in Workplace1634 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Dilemmas in Workplace Personal values may conflict with ethical decision making if those personal values are different than the organizational norms of the business or institution. Constructing, and maintaining personal ethics in the workplace rests with the individual, and how willing he or she is in assimilating to the evolving cultural dynamic of the corporate world. Many times a person find their personal, cultural and/or organizational ethics conflicting and must reconcile a course ofRead MoreEthics Case Study Essay911 Words   |  4 Pagesare faced with ethical issues and dilemmas on a regular basis. Nurses must understand his or her values and morals to be able to deal adequately with the ethical issues he or she is faced with. Some ethical issues nurses are exposed to may be more difficult than others and the ethical decision making process is learned over time. The purpose of this paper is to identify the ethical issues in the case study provided in the week one assignment. A discussion of how to use ethical principles to addressRead MoreCultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper1129 Words   |  5 PagesCultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper All people have personal values and ethics, just as they have cultural values. Often times, those personal values and ethics may clash with those of their employer. As an example, as an individual, a persons ethical guidelines might require honesty, integrity and respect. If that individual works for a company that does not necessarily operate under those same tenets, the employee may well face an ethical dilemma. This paper looks into how personal valuesRead MorePersonal Ethics974 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal ethics What personal, cultural, and spiritual values contribute to your worldview and philosophy of nursing? How do these values shape or influence your nursing practice? Ethics and values form the basis of nursing. Nurses provide nursing care by preventing illness, reducing suffering and promoting restoration of health in individuals, families, societies and communities. Nursing involves technical skills and abilities, duty and service to others with compassion and efficient decision-makingRead MoreThe Ethics Of A Leader1604 Words   |  7 Pagesthat allows a leader to create an ethical organization. Even though leadership is impossible without followers, a person must first transform their own ethical theory into a process before they can teach or require ethical behavior from others. Leaders must incorporate their ethical beliefs and decision making template into everyday life. The personal ethics of a leader will cast a light on organizations that will create an ethical climate. This climate fosters ethical conduct from others and will beRead MoreQuestions On Ethics And Management Essay1094 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagement and all function, face situation wherein ethical consideration play a major role (Jamnik, 2011). Since supplying managers are dealing daily with suppliers and buyers where they have to confront daily with ethical progeny s and have to distinguish between them. These government issues lead to a crucial legal take could affect the governance itself and the stakeholder. In supply direction exercise the ethics are considered the telephone number one issue veneer supply managers today (Eltantawy etRead MoreDisruptive Technology And Technology1096 Words   |  5 Pagesour society is encountering several ethical problems that are needed to be discussed and solved as soon as possible to save our civilization from destruction. Our major threat is disruptive technologies as there are intervening a way too deep and may destroy the ethical values of our society. In this paper, we are discussing disruptive technology and their impact on the ethical values of our society. We will also discuss the real-life examples of recent issues generated from different disruptiveRead MoreIndividual Rights and the Business Organization1543 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment, businesses and individuals face a number of ethical issues which arise due to different internal and external environmental factors and impact the individuals within and outside the organizations. The ethical issues which negatively impact the privacy, morale, and societal values of individuals include fraudulent business practices and unethical tactics to grow business operations and profitability (Harbert, 2007). The major ethical considerations for organizations must be focused on implementingRead MorePersonal, Cultural And Spiritual Values862 Words   |  4 Pagestraditionally placed a high value on the worth and dignity of others. The nursing profession requires integrity of its members; that is, a member is expected to do what is considered right regardless of the personal cost (13). Because nurses deal with the most fundamental hum an events – birth, death, and suffering- they encounter many ethical issues surrounding these sensitive areas. Nurses can make better moral decisions by thinking in advance about their beliefs and values and about the kinds of problemsRead MoreEthics Development Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pagesdocument will explore sources of ethical influence, both for individuals, and organizations. It will further explain the need for ethics at an organizational level, how those fit in with directions and goals of an organization, and finally conclude with the effect both individual and organizational ethics have on society. Personal Ethics People find themselves facing questions with negative and positive consequence each day. At each stage of life, an individual faces ethical questions, â€Å"Is it acceptable

Racial Discrimination Against Aboriginal Australians From...

â€Å"Just another drunk black is what u said, When u came n helped him today, Your eyes were filled with a look of disgust, As you came and took him away. Who the hell are you to judge him, I ask, Do you think ur s*** really don t stink? Just because he has dark skin, Doesn t mean he always drinks. Guess what hero, he wasn t drunk, He had a fit and was really unwell, U can take ur prejudice Ambo driver, And stick it up ur butt and go to hell. People like you make me sick, And you have the hide to hold ur head up high, It s nice to know with people like u around, Prejudice will never die†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This famous poem by Indigenous Australian Colleen Kickner (George, 2015) highlights the extreme racial discrimination against Aboriginal Australians from the point of view of an Indigenous individual, specifically in regards to the consumption of alcohol. The somewhat vulgar language as well as being slightly comical in a way, paints a very good picture of how strongly Kickner feels towards the prejudice shown and assumptions made by the (presumably) non-Indigenous first responders to an emergency situation. These assumptions and stereotypes that she draws the readers’ attention to are wide spread throughout the non-Indigenous community of Australia, reiterated by the media and sometimes even strengthened by government policies. One example in particular being the ‘Northern Territory Intervention’. Being a 14 year-old non-Indigenous Australian when this was introduced in 2007,Show MoreRelatedSocial Justice Is The Fair And Proper Recognition Of Current Laws2025 Wo rds   |  9 Pageslist: - Racism - Economic Justice - Environment - Justice against prejudice to particular races and Reconciliation - Refugees and Asylum Seekers - Political Engagement - Prison and the Death Penalty - Terrorism - Domestic Violence Racism Over the past few decades, Australia has continued to expand as a multicultural and diverse country - around 50% of Australia s population were born overseas, or had one or more parents born overseas. When racial tensions begin to form in our community, they don t justRead MoreIn the period of modernity, the aspect of Aboriginality has become manipulated through the primary1700 Words   |  7 Pagesassumptions of Indigenous Australians by White Australians and the way this shapes an individuals real world. In the 1995 Social Justice Report Professor Dodson identified that recognition will have great benefits over time in changing Non-Indigenous social attitudes towards Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (AHRC, 2013). The film Yolngu Boy (2001) directed by Stephen Johnson and the collection of seven inkjet prints titled Majority Rule (2013) by Michael Cook represent Indigenous Australians as aRead MoreAboriginal And Torres Strait Islanders1290 Words   |  6 PagesBackground: In the early 19th century, Aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders were afforded no rights or freedom due to their culture and race. If you were to be born an Aboriginal, by law you couldn’t eat in restaurants, marry without permission, swim in public pools, enter pubs or even have the right to vote (ref). Eventually the government recognised the demands of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders for equality and social justice and acknowledged their right to make decisions about mattersRead MoreIs Shared Sense of History Possible in Australia?2353 Words   |  10 Pagesdisintegration, the Australian communities still lived within the same borders. There is therefore a debate on whether the same kind of political and social integration can exist despite these historical wars and also whether the racial and political divide will influence the integration process. Historical wars or the cultural wars can be defined as the disintegration between different Australian communities that have been longstanding since the eighteenth century. These social and racial disintegrationsRead MoreRacism : Racism And Prejudice2163 Words   |  9 PagesRacism and prejudice in Australian sport is racism in sport an issue in Australia? After all, Australians of various colour, race and ethnic origin united as one to cheer home Cathy Freeman to gold in the final of the Sydney Olympic Games 400 metres. And in June 2006, an estimated 6.7 million Australians got up between one and three in the morning to watch Australia play Italy in the second round of the FIFA World Cup.1 That translates as one in three men, women and children in the country watchingRead MoreRacism In Australia - The Rise and Fall of the White Australia Policy1308 Words   |  6 Pageslive here for many different reasons.. They have all called themselves Australians and had accepted Australia as their new home. Although the perspective of accepting a different race/culture has changed, racism still exists in Australia. Australia’s indigenous people were the first victims of racism in this country. For about 50,000 years before the settlement of the British, Australia was occupied exclusively by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. After the settlement of the BritishRead More Australian Government Policy Essay3747 Words   |  15 PagesAustralian Government Policy The first English settlement in Australia was established in 1788. Before this the Aborigines lived in the land in harmony. However, after the English arrived, the two different cultures were in close contact and had to determine how to coexist. White Europeans did not respect the Aborigines’ right to the land and it’s resources. With brutal force, they took control of the land and claimed it as their own. Australians then developed their own policies on how to dealRead MoreThe Police And Criminal Justice System2326 Words   |  10 PagesLawmakers and criminal justice personnel are meant to be guarded against prejudiced laws, policies and practices and to enforce equal and effective protection of the law to everyone (Findlay, Odgers and Yeo, 1994). However, if justice is indeed blind, why is it that police are relentlessly targeting Aboriginal people and why are they severely overrepresented in the criminal justice system of Australia? The disconcerting truth is that r acial policing does happen in our criminal justice system. This paperRead MoreAustralia s Human Rights Record2193 Words   |  9 Pagescase for Indigenous Australians. Indigenous Australians have been statistically proven to fair much poorer in general wellbeing and thus their rights and freedoms (as the two are irrefutably intertwined) in comparison to their non-indigenous Australian counterparts. In regards to this, the content of this paper shall be critically evaluating the success of Australia’s human rights record in regards to improving Aboriginal rights/wellbeing, dispossession and sheer suffering that came from said aboveRead MoreThe Apology Of The Stolen Generations1921 Words   |  8 PagesGenerations was delivered by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd in the House of Representatives on the 13th February 2008. The national apology has become a symbol of hope for Indigenous and Torres Strait Islanders. Australia in modern day society are somewhat optimistic for the future of the relationship between both races. Attitudes to Indigenous lives and lifestyles, interactions and attitudes to personal involvement and cultural awareness and pride determines the quality of this relationship. The 2008 government

Contact Zones Essay - 1325 Words

The reader is introduced to a term coined and repeated by Pratt throughout the piece, contact zones. She uses this term to refer to social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grapple with each other, often in contexts of highly asymmetrical relations of power, such as colonialism, slavery, or their aftermaths as they are lived out in many parts of the world today (Pratt 584). Contact zones were not necessarily a positive interaction because these social interactions usually came out of ignorance resulting into an obdurate conflict. Dubois The Negro in the United States and Griffith’s The Birth of the Nation, and Pratt’s very own Arts of the Contact Zone correlate through Pratt’s terminology of contact zone, autoethnographic texts,†¦show more content†¦In this movie the African Americans were treated nicely but in reality they did not feel this way. The masters mistreated their slaves but in the movie they were actually having conversations. There is a scene in the movie where a group of African Americans were shaking hands with the white Americans. The producer of the movie wanted to inform others that the â€Å"birth† of America was founded on the basis of equality rather than discrimination. If the producer of the movie did not show how the slaves were mistreated, the people will just see the world in only that point of view; the slaves’ point of view does not exist. Ruling countries oppressed both the undeveloped, barren places and the African Americans. The Birth of the Nation is a perfect example of a form of travel writing; the Americans wanted to inform others about America but this movie was only produced in their perspective. Rather than recording the reality, the produces or writers record history with the input of their own influences. Slavery is a contradictory subject in American history because â€Å"one hears†¦of the staid and gentle patriarchy, the wide and sleepy plantations with lord and retainers, ease and happiness; [while] on the other hand on hears of barbarous cruelty and unbridles power and wide oppression of men† (Dubois 2). Dubois’s The Negro in the United States is an autoethnographic text which is a representation â€Å"that the so-defined othersShow MoreRelatedContact Zone588 Words   |  3 PagesMary Louise Pratt defined contact zones as â€Å"social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grapple with each other, often in contexts of highly asymmetrical relations of power, such as colonialism, slavery, or their aftermaths as they are lived out in many parts of the world today.† A contact zone is a place where two cultures can mesh together. People from different cultures are able to interact with each other through these contact zones. A contact zone allows people to l ook into cultures otherRead MoreCultural Contact Zone1027 Words   |  4 PagesThe world is like one ‘small village’ during the twenty first century. As such, there is a lot of contact among different people, from different corners of the world. Essentially, this means that several cultures come into contact with each other more frequently, and over short durations of time than it was possible during the previous decades. Consequently, not only are the differences in these cultures magnified in the course of their interaction, but there is also a tendency by these culturesRead MoreContact Zone Essay1766 Words   |  8 PagesCaroline Kelly Professor Ober First Year Writing 29 September 2014 The Contact Zone The Holocaust happened because two groups of people were grappling with each and one was stronger than the other. Wars typically occur because two cultures disagree and choose to settle it, and the strong culture prevails. African American and Caucasian people used to be exiled for getting married, because they were different. There are millions of different cultures in the world today and everyRead MoreArts of the Contact Zone Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesMary Louise Pratt wrote the essay â€Å"Arts of the Contact Zone† with the purpose of explaining that society would benefit if people were exposed to and understood the concept of â€Å"contact zones†. She refers to contact zones as social spaces where cultures meet and clash with each other, usually with one culture being dominant over the other. A person living in a contact zone is exposed to two different cultures, two different languages, and as a result is presented with a struggle in each culture toRead More Pratt, Arts of the Contact Zone1353 Words   |  6 Pagesordinary thing. Therefore, writing a response to Pratt’s essay in a language that is comprehendible by regular people can be very helpful to those struggling students. In Arts of the Contact Zone Pratt discusses the mix of two different cultures in one area. Where one person is born and lives in a contact zone he/she is surrounded by two different conflicting cultures, and there are two different languages. She also introduces us with a new word autoethnography, which means the way in whichRead MoreTaming Anzalduas Contact Zone Analysis984 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Contact Zone†, is defined by Mary Louis Pratt as â€Å"the space in which transculturation takes place – where two different cultures meet and inform each other, often in highly asymmetrical ways.† Pratt describes what she calls ‘contact zones’ and elaborates on the pros and cons of these cultural interactions. She sees the contact zone as a place that allows people to exchange cultural ideas and break down the dividing cultural borders. When a contact zone is started, people are able to interactRead MoreComparing Arts of the Contact Zone and Animism and the Alphabet882 Words   |  4 Pagesyou. In â€Å"Arts of the Contact Zone†, Mary Louise Pratt defines contact zones as â€Å"the space in which transculturation takes place – where two different cultures meet and inform each other, often in highly asymmetrical ways.† Both â€Å"Arts of the Contact Zone† and David Abram’s â€Å"Animism and the Alphabet† attempt to form an interpretation between the relationship of our natural environment and our everyday lives. According to both the author’s writing, Pratt’s concept of contact zone is useful in helpingRead MoreArts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt999 Words   |  4 PagesThe â€Å"Arts of the Contact Zone†, an article w ritten by Stanford professor Mary Louise Pratt, discusses many different ideas about culture and communication by utilizing what she calls the literate arts. Pratt explains many terms that she believes are beneficial in gaining a further understanding of a literary piece. Key terms such as, contact zone, autoethnography and transculturation are introduced in her essay. She describes contact zones as â€Å"social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grappleRead More Arts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt Essay575 Words   |  3 PagesArts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Arts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt opened up a whole new concept for our class. The new term â€Å"contact zone† appeared and Pratt defined it as social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grapple with each other, often in contexts of highly asymmetrical relations of power, such as colonialism, slavery, or their aftermaths as they are lived out in many parts of the world today. The idea of the contact zone is intended in part toRead MoreEssay on Arts of the Contact Zone, Mary Louise Pratt1245 Words   |  5 Pagesdelivered a keynote/lecture that revolutionized how people think about their social spaces. She introduced a revolutionary way to think about these social spaces, instead of calling them communities she started calling it the â€Å"contact zone†. According to Pratt a â€Å"contact zone is a place where cultures meet, clash, and grapple† (Pratt 487). While lecturing her fellow colleagues Pratt argues that our idea of community is strongly utopian. She continues to plead her case by saying that societies often

William Moliere s Tartuffe As A Threat Of Reason

The Role of Reason in Religion What happens when hypocrisy invades religion in the absence of reason? This is the very question that Moliere addresses in Tartuffe as he establishes his characters. In satire characters are usually very one dimensional and unchanging. They are simply there to represent an idea. Therefore, rather than using character development, Moliere uses character establishment to shape his story and theme. This is most notably seen in the last two scenes of act one in Tartuffe as he establishes the characters of Orgon, Cleante and Tartuffe. In the establishment of these three characters Moliere forms a strong point about reason’s role in religion and the rightful way to pursue genuine belief. In the last scenes of act one in Tartuffe Orgon’s character is established by his attitude towards his family, his misplaced concern for Tartuffe and his blindness towards Tartuffe’s hypocrisy. As Orgon makes his entrance into the story, he inquires of his brother-in-law that state of his estate. Dorine reveals that the lady of the house has been very sick even going as far to say that a bleeding â€Å"has saved her from the grave.† Orgon takes the information in without acknowledging it. His only concern is for Tartuffe, the religious man he has taken in and aspires to be like. This nonchalant attitude toward his family reveals disconnect between him and his family that is only made up for in his relationship to Tartuffe. This replacement of a practical stranger for

Ipod Decision Making Process Free Essays

Describe and explain the characteristics that affect consumer behaviour and outline the consumer decision-making process as it relates to Apple iPod Introduction ‘Consumer purchases are influenced strongly by cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics’ (Kotler, Armstrong, Wong Saunders). This report will investigate the characteristics that affect consumer behaviour and the consumer decision-process as it relates to the purchase of an Apple iPod. This report will be describing and explaining how consumers go through five different stages to reach a buying decision and outlining the consumer decision-making process when a consumer buys a product. We will write a custom essay sample on Ipod Decision Making Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Apple iPod is a brand of portable media players and was launched on October 2001. There are four different types of players, which can play both music and videos, including the ‘iPod Classic’, ‘iPod Touch’, ‘iPod Nano’ and the ‘iPod Shuflfe’. The Apple ‘itunes’ software can be used to transfer music to the iPods from computers. Both the Sony Walkman and Samsung YP-P2 are the iPods biggest competitors and have the same touch screen control panel. They both can hold similar amount of music to that of an iPod. ‘Mintel forecasts that the UK audio equipment market will grow by an estimated 8% to reach a value of ?2. 2 billion at current prices over the period 2007-12. In real terms, with massive price deflation for electronics taken into consideration, this equates to 100% rate of growth until 2012. (mintel, accessed at 19th November 2009) ‘Market growth since 2006 for the Apple iPod has been in decline due to the high pricing scheme of the devices although price cuts like those applied to the iPod shuffle on Tuesday and cheaper Internet –capable models down the line should help the company reverse course and maintain a steady rate of growth through 2009, says one Wall Street analyst’, (http://www. appleinsider. com/articles/08/02/20/growth_potential_seen_in_steadily_maturing_ipod_marke t. html 20th February 2008). The Apple iPod is aimed at young adults aged between 12-25, both males and females. The Apple iPod is aimed at people in the middle/high class and for those who have a particular interest or passion in music. The report will also provide a discussion of the type buying behaviour related with Apple iPods and compare the process with a less complex product, such as a bottle of water in this report. Marketing recommendations will then be given for the purchase of an Apple iPod. The Characteristics that Affect Consumer Behaviour It can be seen that cultural, social, personal and psychological are the four characteristics that influence consumer behaviour. This section will describe how some of the characteristics associate with consumer behaviour when purchasing an Apple iPod. For the social characteristic influence, this can be that the person who is buying an iPod can be influenced by friends, family or any other groups the person is part of, a friend of the person may recommend an iPod to be the best portible audio player to purchase, which would then give the consumer more confidence to buy an iPod. Inspirational groups, such as celebrities who could be seen using an iPod, might have also influenced consumer behaviour. This may influence a consumer, due to the status of a celebrity. Personal characteristics such as the age of a person can affect consumer behaviour. In this case a consumer may be in an age group where it is cool and common to have an iPod, so this would be more of a want for the buyer to have the product. An Outline of the Consumer Decision-Making Process Type of Buying decision behaviour This section of the report will discuss the type of buying decision behaviour associated with the Apple iPod. The decision behaviour for the buyer of an iPod would be complex buying behaviour due to the high cost of the product and is mainly purchase infrequently. It could be said that the consumer has much to learn about the product and may have little knowledge about the product before making a decision to purchase it. For example, an iPod buyer may not know what functions of the product to consider. ‘Many product features carry no real meaning to the great majority of potential purchasers’ (Kotler 2008 page 263, p1). This can relate to the iPod when looking at the memory size and price of the product, a customer may not know the difference between a ‘10GB iPod and a ‘160GB’ iPod. So the buyer will pass though a learning process, first developing attitudes, and then making a thoughtful purchase choice’ (Kotler 2008, page 263, p1). So for marketers of an iPod, they must understand the way a consumer gathers information and the evaluation behaviour of a high involvement product. The advertising and size of the iPod may be used to help make it easier for a consumer to understand what the memory size is of an iPod. Dissonance-reducing buying behaviour can be associated with the buying of an iPod, due to how expensive the product is and how infrequent it is purchased. For example, consumers buying an iPod could face a high involvement decision because of the high price of an iPod compared to a low involvement product such as a toothbrush and how the product can express the consumer, such as the which style and colour of iPod suit the consumer best. The Consumer may evaluate and do some research into the types iPods, prior to the buying decision to make give them more knowledge of the product. An explanation of each stage of the decision-making model This section of the report will explain each stage of the decision-making model for a buyer of an iPod. Below is the five-stage decision making process, buyers go through when they purchase a product. ‘The buying process starts with need recognition – the buyer recognising a problem or need’ (Kotler 2008, page 265, p4). The first stage of the decision making model is where the consumer has recognised a problem or a need. Need recognition In relation to the iPod, is where the consumer has recognised that the product is available to buy and may have dissatisfaction with their current portable audio player. The iPod is not necessary a need, such as food or water. It is more of an individual want and the consumer may have more income spare to purchase an iPod. The purchase of an iPod could be mainly because of its appeal. ‘A need can also be triggered by external stimuli. Anna passes a bakery and the smell of reshly baked bread stimulates her hunger; she admires a neighbour’s new car; or she watches a television commercial for a Caribbean holiday’. (Kotler et al 2008, page 266 p1). This statement states that external stimuli can trigger a need. In relation to the iPod, the external stimuli could be an advert on television or someone in the public using an iPod, who seems to be having a fun with the product. The second stage of the decision-making model is the information search stage. This is the stage where a consumer is aroused to search for more information about the product they have been attracted too in the need recognition stage. ‘The consumer may simply have heightened attention or may go into active information search’ (Kotler et al 2008, page 266 p2). Heightened attention simply means the consumer becomes more receptive to information about a product. The consumer may pay more attention to adverts and products used by friends. Active information search is where the consumer gathers information, such as searching reading material or phoning friends to gather information, this usually depends of drive of the consumer to search for information about a product. ‘The amount of searching she does will depend upon the strength of her drive, the amount of information she starts with, the ease of obtaining more information, the value she places on additional information and the satisfaction she gets from searching’ (Kotler et al 2008, page 266 p2). This statement explains that the more a consumer wants a product, the more searching for information about the product will occur. In relation to the Apple iPod, a consumer may have been aroused by external stimuli such as an advert on television and then may go through active information search, where the consumer can obtain information from any of the following sources: * Personal sources: Family, friends, neighbours Commercial sources: Advertising, salespeople, the Internet, packaging, displays * Public sources: Mass media, consumer-rating organisations * Experiential sources: Handling, examining, using the product Personal sources can be the most effective for some products, as friends and families recommendations can be more reliable than an advert on television. As more information has been gathered from the above sources, the consumer’s knowledge of the iPod increases. The consumer may know the different types of iPods available and their features that best suit the con sumer. The third stage of the decision-making purchase is the information evaluation or evaluation of alternatives. This is the stage of the decision-making process, where the consumer uses information from the previous stage to evaluate other brands, products and services. The consumer also evaluates the benefits and features of the product they are going to buy. For high-involvement products such as the Apple iPod, the consumer is more likely to carry out a more extensive evaluation. Such as evaluating the advantages and benefits of the product they are interested in purchasing. How to cite Ipod Decision Making Process, Essays

Impact on the transport system due to rise - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Impact on the transport system due to rise. Answer: Introduction For every country, Infrastructure development is very important for its growth and development. Infrastructure development included the development of transportation system in the country. Transportation system can be defined as a mode which is used to move goods from one place to another. Over the period of time, the transportation system has become advanced and effective. Advancement of transport is dependent upon various factors such as lifestyle of people, population, advancement in technology, etc. (Taylor, 2015). Traffic conjunction Traffic conjunction can be described as a condition which results in slow movement of traffic. Traffic conjunction can be related to any mode of transportation but it is usually said in the context of vehicle conjunction on roads. The main reason that results in traffic conjunction is inefficient traffic management or excessive population on road than usual. In Australia, traffic conjunction can be seen during peak hours in cities like Perth, Brisbane, and Sydney. People of Australia generally uses radios, GPS, webcam etc. to avoid such traffic conjunction. Disadvantages of traffic conjunction include time wastage, air pollution, noise pollution, increase in accidents, waste of fuel resources, etc. (Jain et.al, 2012) Traffic problems due to increase in population One of the main problems with increasing traffic in the world is a rapid increase in population. As numbers of people are increasing in the world they require modes of transportation for travel. Nowadays the motor vehicles are very affordable and can be purchased by anyone with little money. This has resulted in an increase in a number of personal vehicles which ultimately results in excessive traffic on the road (Harrietet.al, 2013). Hence we can say the improved economic and financial condition of the population has also affected the traffic conjunction on the public roads. Conceptual framework Traffic management Traffic management is very important as in absence of traffic management traffic conjunction can have various negative impacts. Here we will discuss the commonly used method of traffic management in Australia. Sydney Co-ordinated Adaptive Traffic System (SCATs) is used to manage traffic in Australia. Adaptive Traffic control System is a technique which uses real-time data relating to traffic to decrease the stop time and prevent traffic conjunction. Traffic data is collected in SCATs with the help of local controllers installed at every intersection. The data collected by these local controllers are sent to a regional computer which is then sent to mainframe computers for traffic management (Fernando et.al, 2013). Vehicle users A private vehicle is more commonly used by people of Australia as compared to public transportation. There are nearly 13.3 million vehicles registered with the department of vehicles. Vehicle to people above driving age ratio is 1 to 1.37. That means that there is one vehicle for every 1.37 people who are above permissible driving age (Redman et.al, 2013). Public transportation is not that commonly used in Australia. Public transportation in the country includes buses, urban rail/Commuter rail, light rail, watercraft. In a research conducted to evaluate the reason for not using public transportation, the majority of people said that their time does not match with timing of public transportation. Traffic density Traffic density is a statistical term which is used to represent traffic per mile or kilometer and it is expressed in terms of the vehicle per km. it is a measure used to compare traffic in different areas and helps in traffic management. Over the last 40 year, the traffic per person in various cities of Australia has increase effectively. Traffic density is directly affected by various factors such as petrol prices, recession, unemployment rate etc. (Gargett, 2012). Population density From 2009 to 2011, the population of Australia has increased rapidly with around 400000 people increasing per year. This increase is around the size of Canberra, whose population was 357220 in the last census. It means that population of Australia is increasing per year by the population of Canberra. The reason behind this increase is natural i.e. increasing in birth rate and a decrease in death rate. This increase is expected to continue in future. The government has predicted that if the population is increased with high growth rate then the population of Australia will increase to 43 million in 2061 (Krockenberger, 2015). Literature review It is expected that by 2030, the population of Melbourne will be 5 million and it is expected to increase to 6 million in 2040. To deal with social and economic requirements of this population transportation operation of the government has evolved. It is very important to promote and develop public transportation system as this amount of infrastructural development can result in various environmental damages. Excessive road transportation can result in problems such as excessive traffic, noise pollution, air pollution, etc. Rail transportation can be alternative as it is very efficient as compared to road transportation (McGuirk Argent, 2012). In future, it is planned by the government to develop rail transportation and make the people aware of the advantages of using this transportation system. Rail transportation is a most efficient method to deal with the rapidly increasing population. Various researchers have shown that in previous years more money is spent on development of road transportation as compared to rail transportation. Therefore in future, more money should be invested in rail transportation as it is the best viable option (Lai Chen. 2011). As per researchers, 40 percent of the pollution is generated by road transportation which is very significant. But the road transportation is not expected to decrease in future. One of the biggest reasons behind this is peoples attraction toward new technologies adopted by car manufacturers. Public transportation such as buses and rail transportation will not only present environment pollution but it will also help in the prevention of natural resources (Redman et.al, 2013). We all know the fact that natural resources such as fuels are scare and such resources will extinct in future. Therefore it is our responsibility to save these resources and public transportation can be helpful in this process (Chourabi et.al, 2012). Traffic conjunction in Sydney and Melbourne is very high and it is spreading all over Australia. Traffic conjunction is so high that it is expected to have a negative impact on the overall economy of the country. In 2011, the cost of such delays has cost the country $13.4 million. This is due to the fact that such delays cost the employees in time wastage and such time could have been used by them in a productive manner. Increased traffic is expected to increase cost in future as the government has to incur the cost of environmental pollution. The government has to take serious steps in major cities like Sydney, Brisbane Perth, and Melbourne. Due to improvement in financial status and living standards of people, every person has a personal car. They prefer private transportation instead of public transportation. This trend is expected to increase in future unless some drastic improvements are done in public transport system. It is obvious that such large of a number of the card will create traffic conjunction on the road which leads to various problems for the entire world (Al-Sakran, 2015). This has increased the need for advanced and low-cost traffic navigation system to manage such increased traffic. Not only this, we also need less costly green cars or electric cars so that people can afford these cars. This can be the solution to various problems created by increased population and traffic conjunction. We have discussed the impact of traffic conjunction on the environment but it can also have a vital negative impact on the economic condition of a county. Traffic makes people late to work which create a loss of opportunity cost to these people. Traffic conjunction can also affect the efficiency and effectiveness of employee which will have a negative impact on overall performance of that organization (Sweet, 2011). Major impact on the economy due to traffic is a delay in imported goods and services which are essential for growth and development of the country. Traffic conjunction also has a serious impact on the overall health of people. There are various diseases associated with air pollution which is majorly created by traffic conjunction. Traffic is one of the biggest reasons that decrease the quality of air. Various researched have shown that chances of occurrence of airborne diseases in drivers and people living near major roadways are higher as compared to other people (Levy et.al, 2010). Methodology To determine the impact of an increase in population on transportation system we will study various reports and statistics published by the government of Australia and rest of the world. In this research, a collection of information through primary sources is impractical as it will require a large amount of time, effort, and money. Hence we will secondary sources of data collection such as public reports, statistics published by other researchers, reports of Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development etc. We will also try to collect primary source of data from 10 nearby transportation companies. From these companies, we will evaluate the increase in a number of vehicles over time and compare it with an increase in population. Sample selection will be done out of 50 transportation companies through selective sampling (Liamputtong, 2013). Gantt chart Here we will provide a timeline to our research proposal to determine total time required to compete and analyze the results of this research. Milestones table S. No Task Start Date End Date Duration (Days) 1 Project Proposal 21-Dec-17 23-Dec-17 3 2 Literature Review 24-Dec-17 31-Dec-17 8 3 Collection of information 01-Jan-18 11-Jan-18 11 4 Analysis of data 12-Jan-18 16-Jan-18 5 5 Report submission 17-Jan-18 18-Jan-18 2 Total time required 29 References Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., ... Scholl, H. J. (2012, January). Understanding smart cities: An integrative framework. InSystem Science (HICSS), 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 2289-2297). IEEE. Fernando, B., Gray, E., Kellner, J. (2013). A review of current traffic congestion management in the city of sydney. Gargett, D. (2012). Traffic growth: modelling a global phenomenon.World transport policy and practice,18(4), 27-45. Harriet, T., Poku, K., Emmanuel, A. K. (2013). An assessment of traffic congestion and its effect on productivity in urban Ghana.International Journal of Business and Social Science,4(3). Jain, V., Sharma, A., Subramanian, L. (2012, March). Road traffic congestion in the developing world. InProceedings of the 2nd ACM Symposium on Computing for Development(p. 11). ACM. Krockenberger, M. (2015).Population growth in Australia. Australia Institute. Liamputtong, P. (2013).Qualitative research methods. McGuirk, P., Argent, N. (2011). Population growth and change: implications for Australia's cities and regions.Geographical Research,49(3), 317-335. Redman, L., Friman, M., Grling, T., Hartig, T. (2013). Quality attributes of public transport that attract car users: A research review.Transport Policy,25, 119-127. Redman, L., Friman, M., Grling, T., Hartig, T. (2013). Quality attributes of public transport that attract car users: A research review.Transport Policy,25, 119-127. Taylor, G. R. (2015).The transportation revolution, 1815-60. Routledge. Lai, W. T., Chen, C. F. (2011). Behavioral intentions of public transit passengersThe roles of service quality, perceived value, satisfaction and involvement.Transport Policy,18(2), 318-325. Hutchens, G. (2015), Australia's roads and rail networks will struggle to meet population growth. The Sydney Morning Herald. Al-Sakran, H. O. (2015). Intelligent traffic information system based on integration of Internet of Things and Agent technology.International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA),6(2), 37-43. Sweet, M. (2011). Does traffic congestion slow the economy?.CPL bibliography,26(4), 391-404. Levy, J. I., Buonocore, J. J., Von Stackelberg, K. (2010). Evaluation of the public health impacts of traffic congestion: a health risk assessment.Environmental health,9(1), 65.

Dr. King Speech free essay sample

DR. Martin Luther King Jr. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a man of many accomplishments. From lighting the torch that helped changed the way we blacks and whites communicated, to sparking the civil rights movement. its safe to say that Dr. King was well Involved in helping change racism. During Dr. Kings life, he had written many letters, but none were Ike the letter he wrote to his fellow clergymen. The letter that King wrote to his fellow clergymen was a reply to the statements made by the clergymen stating that Dr. Kings actions were unwise, and untimely. Now according to Dr. King, he rarely ever ook time to reply to negative backlash he received from others. but this particular criticism made a rather large impact in Dr. Kings life. upon receiving the criticism, King wrote a very passionate letter stating In so many words that men In their position should have more compassion, wisdom, and positive impacts in America, instead of promoting, and condoning the negative behaviors. While writing this letter to the clergymen, King used a lot of detail, passion, and rhetoric, such as Logos, Ethos, and Pathos which I will convey in this paper. ill show examples of Kings use of the hetoric terms, as well as describe the effectiveness and Importance of them. During Kings letter to the clergymen he uses logos in many ways, he makes a lot of great points, and he also backs up those points with great logic, which leads me to the following statement written by King How can you advocate breaking some laws and obeying others? The answer lies in 2 the fact that there are two types of laws: Just and unjust. I would be the last to advocate disobeying Just laws. In this statement I believe that King is making the point that, although it may be a law, that doesnt make it morally correct. It is our job as people to follow Just laws, but It Is not an obligation to follow the unjust laws. Although there were laws preventing Negros from their constitutional and god-given rights, doesnt make It morally Incorrect to disobey them, In fact it would be morally incorrect to abide by those unjust laws. King believed it was our Job as people to come together and work on changing them, just in a non-violent way. In Kings letter, he describes the difference between a Just, and unjust law. King states in his letter that A just law is a man-made code that squares with the moral law or the law of God. An unjust law Is a code that Is out of harmony with the moral law. In that statement , King is basically saying that a Just law preserves the constitutional and god-given rights we have as people, no matter the color of our skin. An unjust law is just the opposite. it goes against the constitutional and God-given rights we have as people, and we are not obligated to follow an unjust law according to King. I believe that King made great points, and backed up his points with a great deal of logic. In my opinion King made his points very effective in his letter. It was effective because OF3 ever be denied, but King also uses the fact that people in the clergymen position is held to a certain standard in which they contradicted by making the statements they made. It was important for King to use logos in his letter because no argument is valid without the logic to support it. When persuading an audience, it is important to present facts and while presenting those facts, you must have logic supporting those facts and I believe King did a great Job doing so. In addition to Kings use of logos, there was also a great display of ethos in the letter written by King. Although King has a reputation, and a list of accomplishments anging from his education, to his 3 up-bringing, as well as the leadership positions hes held in many organizations, Kings personal accomplishments are well known, and goes without saying. There are few times in the letter where King lets his accomplishments and leadership positions known, King states, l have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. We have some eighty-five affiliated organizations across the South, and one of them is Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights. This statement is a rare, but necessary display of credibility by King in the letter. I believe that King doesnt say to much about his personal accomplishments because his reputation speaks for itself. There is a point in the letter in which King uses an appeal to authority, as stated we so diligently urge people to obey the Supreme Courts decision of 1954 outlawing segregation in the public schools, at first glance it may seem rather paradoxical for us consciously to break laws. In that statement, King uses the authority of the Supreme Courts in his his favor, which is a brilliant plan. Although the use of ethos is scarce compared to the use of the other terms, it is still used in a very effective way. Similar to the use of logos, and ethos, pathos is used a lot, and in an effective way. Here is an example of Kings use Injustice anywhere is a threat to Justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. In this statement King sums up his belief in the power of Justice, and the effect that injustice can have. I believe that King uses a lot of passion in his letter because the statements ade by the clergymen impacted him in a very deep way. Here is another example of pathos used by King, We will have to repent in this generation not merely for the hateful words and actions of the bad people but for the appalling silence of the good people. In this statement King is saying that it is horrible for people to commit hateful actions,and say hateful things, but it is even worse to see these 4 things and remain silent throughout it. Although it is important to use logic, and credibility, it is probably more important for King to use passion in his letter because significance and emotions in his writing. Kings use of pathos was very effective because it not only conveyed his dedication to the subject of change, but it also showed his willingness to go above and beyond for what he believed in. In conclusion, Kings letter to the clergymen was extremely effective as a whole. It was effective ultimately because as people we have come a long way from the state of racism that we were in. The progression that we have made as people certainly proves that all the work, and dedication King unveiled was useful and effective. With that being said, I believe that King served his purpose fully and his work will never be second guessed.